![]() ![]() The habit of using music for sleep improvement may be rooted in the ubiquitous propensity of caregivers to sing lullabies to their babies. Are there specific universal features characterising music used for sleep? Or may music be used as sleep aid independently of its musical features? In this study, we address these questions using big data from the global streaming service Spotify. However, it is not well understood what defines the music that people use to sleep. Indeed, epidemiological studies show that up to 46% of respondents indicate that they use music to help themselves fall asleep which can significantly improve sleep across adult populations. Although some people seek professional help for their sleep problems, many people choose to initiate self-help strategies such as listening to music. By using digital traces, we were able to determine the universal and subgroup characteristics of sleep music in a unique, global dataset, advancing our understanding of how humans use music to regulate their behaviour in everyday life.ĭespite sleep being essential for human health and well-being, sleep problems are increasing in modern society. The findings reveal previously unknown aspects of the audio features of sleep music and highlight the individual variation in the choice of music used for sleep. ![]() Strikingly, three of the subgroups included popular tracks that were faster, louder, and more energetic than average sleep music. Yet, a large amount of variation was present in sleep music, which clustered into six distinct subgroups. without lyrics) and played on acoustic instruments. Compared to music in general, we found that sleep music was softer and slower it was more often instrumental (i.e. In this study, we elucidated the characteristics of music associated with sleep by extracting audio features from a large number of tracks (N = 225,626) retrieved from sleep playlists at the global streaming platform Spotify. Nevertheless, we know very little about this common human habit. Throughout history, lullabies have been used to help children sleep, and today, with the increasing accessibility of recorded music, many people report listening to music as a tool to improve sleep. ![]()
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